Published February 22nd 2008
The in depth studies can be found at the article’s source, here:
http://www.foxnews.com/story/0,2933,331949,00.html
“White Americans are both genetically weaker and less diverse than their black compatriots, a Cornell University-led study finds.
Analyzing the genetic makeup of 20 Americans of European ancestry and 15 African-Americans, researchers found that the former showed much less variation among 10,000 tested genes than did the latter, which was expected.
They also found that Europeans had many more possibly harmful mutations than did African, which was a surprise.
“Since we tend to think of European populations as quite large, we did not expect to see a significant difference in the distribution of neutral and deleterious variation between the two populations,” said senior co-author Carlos Bustamante, an assistant professor of biological statistics and computational biology at Cornell.
It’s been known for years that all non-Africans are descended from a small group, perhaps only a few dozen individuals, who left the continent between 50,000 and 100,000 years ago.
But the Cornell study, published in the journal Nature Thursday, indicates that Europeans went through a second “population bottleneck,” probably about 30,000 years ago, when the ancestral population was again reduced to relatively few in number.
The doubly diluted genetic diversity has allowed “bad” mutations to build up in the European population, something that the more genetically varied African population has had more success in weeding out.
“What we may be seeing is a ‘population genetic echo’ of the founding of Europe,” said Bustamante.
The Cornell team hopes to study other population groups in search of similar results.
For example, Native Americans show even less genetic diversity than Europeans, having descended from a few thousand people who entered North America about 10,000 years ago.
That fact was reinforced by a larger-scale study, also published in Nature, led by scientists from the Universities of Michigan and Virginia who analyzed genetic samples of 485 individuals scattered around the globe whose DNA is recorded in a French databank.
As would be expected with the “out of Africa” theory, the researchers found Africans had the greatest amount of genetic diversity, followed in turn by Middle Easterners, then Europeans and South Asians at about equal levels, then East Asians.
Native Americans had the least genetic diversity of all, indicating that part of the world was settled last.
“Previously, we’ve been able to look at the genome and say, ‘This part is from Africa, this is from Asia,'” explained Virginia research Andrew Singleton to Wired News. “Now we can look past that and say, ‘It’s from this part of Africa or Eurasia.'”
A third study, published in the journal Science on Friday, may be the most fascinating of all.
Drawing on 935 individual samples from the French databank, a Stanford University team found deep traces of long-ago population movements, all originating from a “ground zero” in Ethiopia, Kenya or Tanzania.
For example, the Pygmies of the Congo forest were found to be quite close to the Bushmen of Namibia — but both were very different from most other sub-Saharan groups.
The fierce and proud Bedouin nomads of the Middle East actually have a lot of European and South Asian blood.
The Asian-looking Hazara of Afghanistan are correct in claiming ancestry in Mongolia, but the Han, the dominant ethnic group in China, may be disappointed to discover they’re actually two peoples, one north, the other south.
Native Americans have at least one closely related group in Asia — the Yakuts of eastern Siberia, who themselves are related to other hunter-gatherer Siberian tribes, some of whom build wooden teepees.
The Basques in northeastern Spain and southwestern France may be right to demand their own nation — they’re not closely related to anyone else. Surprisingly, neither are the residents of Sardinia off the coast of Italy.
As with the other large-scale study, the Stanford team found the greatest diversity outside of Africa among people living in the wide crescent of land stretching from the eastern shore of the Mediterranean to northern India.
Not only was the region among the first colonized by the African migrants, they theorize, but the large number of European and East Asian genes among the population indicates that it’s long been the human highway, with large numbers of migrants from both directions conquering, trading and generally reproducing along its entire length.”
See
http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v451/n7181/full/nature06611.html
http://www.foxnews.com/story/0,2933,331949,00.html
http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2008/02/21/AR2008022102739_2.html
http://www.news.cornell.edu/stories/Feb08/BustamanteAA.kr.html
http://blog.wired.com/wiredscience/2008/02/studies-put-pop.html
http://www.mercurynews.com/peninsula/ci_8332961?nclick_check=1
These researchers are oblivious to the field of immunology because they fail to understand that the 46 human chromosomes have a maximum of 9 loci for 18 HLA (human leukocyte antigen) alleles. These are the genes responsible for immune system function and are objectively the only factor that determines an individual’s “genetic strength”. So having a diverse population means nothing since there are about a hundred HLA variants in each population anyway and a person has a maximum of 18 different HLA alleles. So the only thing this study confirmed that there is more genetic diversity in the African population than the European but for the aforementioned reason that means nothing.
Black are not genetically inferior.
Whites are not genetically inferior
Chinese are not genetically inferior
Native Americans are not generitally inferior
Aboriginies are not genetically inferior.
Everyone is equal. Achievements are the products culture and institutions – NOT race. White colonisation is a product of very specific circumstances. If the Chinese lived in Europe and visa versa then the world would now be dominated by the Chinese (which it will be soon anyway).
White people are in general much better off due to wealth etc… Nothing to do with race though – just chance. No monitor of intelligence is truly possible because the world can’t make sense without culture – read Clifford Geertz.
It would be interested to know what you Afrocentrists think of the other races of the world? The Aboriginies, Chinese, Inuits etc… And when you say white do you imply North West Europe or does it include Russians and Spaniards?
Did you know there are Chinese people who believe they are the superior culture. They call white people hairy beasts and devils and don’t think much of Africans. Every race is guilty of this sort of extremism.
Surely this site should seek to counter Eurocentrism and the dominance of the oxident without needing to resort to afrocentrism.
The Chinese due to Mao’ Tse Tung have been taught that they descended from homo erectus who arrived in Asia from Africa eons ago.
This is contrasted to the rest of humanity outside Afrika who are basically descendants of homo sapiens (modern day I & I) who left Afrika and spread out.
This homo erectus to current chinese lineage has been entrenched in their educaction for a long time as part of their (government) nationalistic mystique-building project.
However, after thousands of genetic analyses have been conducted, it is now proved that all asians/chinese came from the same lineage that left Afrika to other continents. There is therefor no need for the chinese to think/feel different from the rest of humanity.For whatever purpose that may have served.
Everybody is an Afrikan.
So you believe that the Chinese are equal but the Europeans are inferior???
I don’t understand why the title of this article has the word “inferior” in it. The discussion that follows is predicated on a failure of close reading exacerbated by the poorly worded title. The study said that Europeans were found to have less genetic variation and many more possibly harmful mutations. It said nothing about “inferiority.” It is quite possible that the less varied genetic constitution of Europeans provided an advantage in producing technological progress. This advantage would presumably be able to mitigate the effect of deleterious mutations amongst the population. Of course if our technological progress succeeds in making this planet inhospitable to us before we can establish indefinitely sustainable practices or find another planet, then the potential advantage of European genes will have come at the cost of the long-term survival of our species. Those European genes would then be arguably “inferior,” if you really need to characterize things in such stark terms.
Actually just stumbled on this:
http://reason.com/archives/2011/09/20/will-cognitive-enhancement-mak
Interesting read and underscores the point about rapid technological progress having potentially negative consequences.
pearljahson responds to the malicious rascal going by the name of jahdey: Better the Pink boy with a black heart than a blackman with a pink one. You still can,t answer to the issue of Marcus and his having been undermined by his own black people as well as the zion kings statements on race and race relations. Wisdom will tell you that there is good and bad in everyone. Furthermore, Inever identified my national origin, so I think it’s safe to say you don’t know what it is. You are running from truth. Stop being a coward and face it squarely. HIM is no liar. He would not have said what he said if it was not true. Hey, Mengistu, stop being an archdeceiver. If you had a heart attack or bad accident and a white EMS worker came to save your life, you wouild’nt say “hey Pinkboy.” You’d treat him civily. So stop your hypocracy and love life and humanity. Hate is not the way of salvation sir. Pearljahson has spoken. PEACE!
Dummy, Marcus Garvey was falsely accused and jailed by pink boys with “black hearts” like you. You never heard of Edgar Hoover? He was behind the incarceration and deportation of Marcus Garvey. Mr. Hoover was an evil pink boy like you. Marcus Garvey was fighting against fake ass American and \british colonial pink imps like you. That is why we don’t deal with pinks and pearls, you fake ass wannabe wigger. You are all wicked liars, without exception. Fire burn unu bloodclat Babylon shitstem and all unu fake talks of tolerance while you are killing and robbing us. Fire fi ya pink pale ass whereever ye be.
LMBAO
I’ve Been in the Rasta community actively for 20 years, and everybody in my Rasta house is pink. There are black pinks, Asian pinks, and yes a very white pinks who i’m sure you would just love. The word hue refers to the seven primary colors. I bet you think that black is one of them. Well it’s not. White is not one of them either. Pink is not one of them either. So how is white or as you prefer pink any less of a hue than black. A reptilian mind that you seem to operate out of can’t admit the truth of the matter. Furthermore, if I go to an auto showroom and select a Chevy Malibu, the salesman will ask me what color I want. I’ll say white. He is not going to tell me that white is not a real color. Right? The point being, The colors white as well as pink have just much a right to be considered colors and hues as any other color or hue. Therefore White people fit into the context of human as anyone else. Blacks are the progenetors of the human race, but let’s be fair, was’nt Cain the first murderer. Therefore making a Blackman(cain) the first murderer. Let’s nol forget that. Blacks built the pyramids and gave the world religion, science, hygeine, astronomy etc. I agree with most of your perspectives on African and world history. I’m familiar with Anti Diop, Henri Clark, I’ve read “Stolen Legacy” and agree with the premise stated therein. I just don’t and will not hate a whole race of people since I know there are rghtious people in every race. In every religion all across the world. But people like Cain could’nt see it that way because of his dark and hateful aura. He was rebellious against God, the same way you are at this time rebelling against Selassie and his utturances regarding race. Again I hav’nt stated my ethnicity so you don’t know what it is. So you amuse me with this pinkboy business.
oh…also, as far as pink boys with black hearts like myself who got Garvey in trouble is cocerned. Forget it! My mother taught me appreciation for Marcus from an early age. I love Garvey! it’s WEB Dubois who I can’t stand. So keep on hatin’ maan, you don’t even know what your hating, or why.
Whatever…
He who feels it, knows it!