Pale Skin/Black Genes: Yorkshire clan linked to Africa
By
Ogu Eji Ofo Anu
Cutting edge genetic research increasingly adds weight to the proposition that people of African origin have lived in Europe and Britain for centuries.
A study carried out by a team of experts from Leicester University published in European Journal of Human Genetics found that seven men bearing a rare Yorkshire surname carry a very rare genetic signature previously thought to express only in people of African origin.
Although the men appeared to have a shared common ancestor in the 18th Century, the African DNA lineage they carry probably arrived in Britain hundreds of years earlier.
The Y Chromosome:
The Y chromosome is a string of genetic material found only in males, which is passed down from father to son, more or less in its original form.
The Y chromosome accumulates small changes (as a result of mutations) in its DNA sequence, over the course of time. By analyzing these changes, scientists are able to study the relationships between different male lineages as well as population movements.
These period mutational changes that occur in the Y chromosome allow its categorization into different groups (called haplogroups) which, provide useful tools in determining a person’s geographical ancestry.
Certain haplogroups might be very common in, for example, East Asia and very rare in Europe. Inferences are made on a haplogroup`s geographical origin based on its prevalence in a particular region of the world. Although this is a crude way of deducing ancestral geographical origins, it represents the cutting edge of today’s genetic science.
Pale-Skin and Black Genes:
Haplogroup A1, is highly West African-specific. It is a very old haplogroup which presence is very rare even in the west African region.
There are only 25 other people known worldwide with this gene and they are all African. Yet, this recent study has sequenced this haplogroup in 7 pale-skin English men living in Yorkshire.
That an African specific gene which has only been sequenced in 25 Africans should be discovered in 7 white-men living in one small town in England is indeed highly significant and provocatively suggestive.
Family tree:
According to the BBC News-site which also reported on this study, the study began with one individual who had no knowledge of any African heritage in his family.
Upon sequencing the unusual haplogroup, the scientist decided to expand their study to determine the extent of the haplogroup’s presence in the genetic make-up of Yorkshire men.
Since sharing a surname significantly raises the likelihood of sharing the same ancestor and hence the same type of Y chromosome, the researchers started recruiting people with the same last name, which starts with “R” and originates in Yorkshire.
18 men were tested, seven carried the rare African haplogroup. This ratio represents a mind boggling percentage when one considers the rareness of this gene even in west Africa. It appears to indicate an early colonization of Yorkshire by people of west African descent.
An attempt to fit the men into a family tree suggests that they had shared a common ancestor as of the 18th century. Further analysis however confirms that the haplogroup had a presence on the British Isle that dated many centuries prior to the 18th.
Migration Routes:
Although majority of the Black people living in England today originated in Africa and the Carribean in the second half of the 20th century, there were also Africans living in Britain before the 20th Century.
One must not forget that the Ibero-maurisians who are believed to have settled the British Isle in the pre-historic times were mostly Black Africans who had crossed into Spain from North Africa and then crossed the Alps or sailed the North sea into the British Isle.
Traditions also insist that the Phoenicians, another group of Africans usually passed off by racist minded scholars as “brown mediterranean types” originally came from the Horn of Africa. Phoenicians were known to have colonized the British Isle and extracted precious minerals from its mines including tin.
Scottish and Irish legends also hold that certain Egyptians had also colonized the Isle as traders, and then later as political exiles. Those Egyptians were Black Africans many of whose latter-day descendants live with pale skins covering black genes.
The Roman Empire was largely situated in North Africa geographically speaking. Thus many African Romans had a great influence on the Roman Empire. A Black African lawyer from Mauritania named Spetimus Severus had ruled Roman Empire from the capital Roman and even established an illustrious dynasty of Black Roman rulers. At that time, Britain was an outlaying backwater territory of celtic and germanic barbarians with whom the Romans rarely interacted.
At one point, the Romans administrators of the British colony had built the Hadrian’s wall, an early fort used to control the movement of barbarian tribes. Black Roman soldiers of African descent garrisoned this fort. Thousands of those soldiers settled and had children in England with the locals. Recent studies have confirmed the African origin of many osteological and genetic samples recovered from Roman cemetries near the Hadrian’s wall.
One must recall the Moors who had ruled a great part of southern Europe for periods ranging between 300 – 800 years. These Moors were the light of dark-age Europe and introduced the ancient sciences, medicine, mathematics, architecture and luxury goods into Europe, even further afield from their southern European sphere of influence. Their contribution facilitated the birth of western Europe which is wrongly termed as the Renassiance.
Finally, mention must be made of the several thousand Africans who were subsequently kidnapped and trade with the connivance of the elites of Europe into enforced slavery between 1516 and 1830 AD.
The first (Unknown) Black President of the United States: Paleskins/Black Genes In Action:
Human migration history is very complex, particularly for an island nation such as England, and this study further debunks the idea of the Aryan white homogenous germanic English race. It demonstrates that underneath many pale skins lie black African genes!
For example, When scientists analysed the DNA of the third US president, Thomas Jefferson, they found that his Y chromosome belonged to a haplogroup known as K2.
Although Jefferson’s father claimed Welsh ancestry, genetics has disproved this claim as false since his Y-haplogroup is rare in Europe and has not yet been reported in Britain.
In fact, genetic studies show that Thomas Jefferson’s K2 haplogroup ultimately came from north-east Africa or the Middle East, the areas where it is most commonly found today. It is thus highly probably that Jefferson was a recent descent of some un-named and denied Somali, Kenyan, or Sudanese making him the first Black president of the United States.
Incidentally, Jefferson, a founding father of the United States and one of the better known writers and signatory of the US constitution had a known preference for African women that he had enslaved on his plantation. He actually fathered a whole tribe of unacknowledged “mulatto” children from those Black women many of whom he enslaved or sold.
Someone once said that terrible crimes have been aided and abetted under the ignorant white-out of racist prejudice.
Ogu Eji Ofo Anu
January 25th, 2007.
Sources:
BBC NEWS:
Published: 2007/01/24
http://news.bbc.co.uk/go/pr/fr/-/2/hi/science/nature/6293333.stm
The African Land of Spain: http://www.africaresource.com/rasta/2006/08/25/the-african-land-of-spain/
The Black Romans: http://www.africaresource.com/rasta/2006/06/29/the-black-romans/
Blacks in Rome: http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/england/tyne/wear/3181666.stm
amy noyes/E
amy noyes /Eguono Inweh to answer your questions first . 1 amy noyes how can you have a white colored person that makes no sense the only brown you find in white skin is taned skin by the sun. The test were done by taking the genes of every african country and some from the middle east and asia and compare them to african genes u see the y chromosome is found in all Africans not whites unless mixed with black or coming from black. The Y chromosome is found in the males not the females which means white would mix with black and the male would have the gene not the woman who is carring the child so if you are mixing white with black you still get black look at Baraka Obama half white/black which race is he identified with. Yor thery of white colored people would suggest that white came first than why wouldn’t it be in every white person versus a minimum amout of whites having the gene present and Blacks dominating the gene not tomention that the same y gene is found in parts of china and japan and middle east and artifacts that date befor the existance of europe asia and the americas. That would mean that whites came first and populated the world when it is proven that white skin can’t handle over exposer to heat or there skin will be cancerous and turn a pink color like the ones in Australia witch has one of the hightest skinn cancer rate among people and white people in general. Do u really think whites could survive africas heat especially when the skinn of dark people are bult to have a high tolerance to heat and cold to ignore or try to come up w/ reason to disprove sience we can never win let’s all except that we are all linked by once sorce from Africa u don’t half tolike it but that’s your problem. Eguono Inwe: there is a diffrence between pale white skin and white skinn pale white skin has no color and the y is only in men and not in females so when they are raped by white men and the gene are in black men and a small amount of whites wouldn’t that white gene have no Y in it and if we take on the fathers genes then white men and black women do not have the y chromosome in them that is not dorment and undetected unless looked for extesively then that’s the cunclusion that whites couldn’t come first the y gene is in every race of people and found mostly and more domintly in africans thats one reason besides ather races having the same trait in them that all suround one souce Alkebu-Lan (Africa). The oldest bones of humans not that ape lucy but a human bones are foun in Ethiopia not Europe wouldn’t the oldest bones be found in Europe if whites came first why can’t whites have black babies if they were the first besides when the male has that Y chromosome that is dormant but can still come to the surface proving a dominante gene is in the Africans. So think otherwise would suggest blacks adapted there genes to be stronger than anyother wich is unlikely also the fact that is asia two asian couples gave birth to a baby of dark complection futher proves the range of the Y gene and African people. Not tomention JAPANS proverbs states that a good sumari has tohave a lil black in them and the first shogun of japan was black asiatic male named Sakanouge tamara maro. and the first dynasty of china the “xin” dynasty were described as oily skinned black people. I am not saying everyone is black because genes adopt and change but to say everyone for the most part are of African Decent is a Accurate statement thank God for Sience hopefully people will see the truth and not listen to these racistt idiots that saw the beauti of Alkebu-Lan and took advantage of a peaceful people fro the most part and made them to be monsters to defend slavery by saying they are animals when infact the genes of Africa gave birth to all we have today fromscience to math to that calender People so much love was first adapted in egypt. I erge people to look into history of Black people and see we are not all gangbanger criminals and animals but in fact like in other races we have our bad and our good and our good is much more than the bad the media of america shows us to be there is shitty in every race. it’s just to bad that we will never have peace on earth so haters are going to hate it is up to the individual to make there own choices in life.
in responce to alkebulanian. the first man and women was blackskin. however, At some point in time, maybe billions of years later, maybe less, a gene mutation occured and an albino child was produced. for we know it is possible for two very blackskin parents to produce an albino baby with blond hair and blue eyes and very white skin. There must have been a tribe that had some protein deficience because of a famine. This famine must have lasted for many years, which affected the genes. even today in countries where there is famine, when the women have babies the hair structure changes to straighter hair, and the color of the hair changes to red or a blonde type, the skin becomes somewhat lighter and in a few of the babies the skin is albino with very blonde hair. the question is how did the africans deal with the situation of the albinos. we know that africa had an advanced civilization. Thus, the doctors and goverments of ancient africa must have decided to send the albinos to the north around the baltic sea to live where the climate is cold and more condusive to the albino. tempertures of eighty degrees and above is not condusive for albino skin. these tempertures could cause the skin to burn and cause cancer. The blue eyes could not take the sun rays special eye wear is needed to block the sun rays. now, there was a second type of skin problem that also developed among the africans, which was called leprosy. the babies were black skin, but there was a bowel dysfuntion which caused the bowels to backup and go into the bloodstream, which caused leprosy. there are certain foods that promotes making bowels and these foods are grains. example wheat, brans, etc. Thus without the proper diet, leprosy can occur. Thus, a person starts losing his or her beautiful black skin and skin sores develop, etc. Thus, there are two types. The leprod and the albino. The next problem to be dealt with is the african rejection of the albinos and the descendents of the leprosy people in that epoch of history when they tried to head back home to africa. In the ancient of time the albino and the decendants of the leprosy people were rejected by the africans and anytime the sought to enter africa they were killed by the africans. They were also murdered by the natives in south america who were also blackskin. If you research the pictorial carvings of both africa and south america, you will see the natives in both afria and south america cuttin off the heads of these whiteskin people. It was only later in time that they they started using these people as slaves. These slaves worked underground in mines and tunnels for they could not withstand the heat. Thus, they were kept hidden from the mainstream society and they also were made to live in caves.Thus they were designated to places where they could live outside of the mainstream society.
In the ancient of days Spain, italy and greece france, ireland briton, were occupied by africans. The meditteranean was coverd by land. Thus, the land was attavhed to Africa. The ancient whiteskin people decendent of the albinos and leprosy people came from the land near the baltics near russia and spread out in what was formerly called the soviet union. They were not living in spain, italy, greece,france, briton, or ireland. The only people living in these lands were africans. after millions of years passed by when the Albino started entering africa and now in the days of the pyramid, the albino stoled a kemet princess name yaruba, and brought this princess to live near the baltics. She became their ruler and her decendents spread across the lands of spain, france. The pharoah went to war with the albinos to get his daughter back. the pharoah won the war and colonized the lands near the baltic sea and furthered his advances to the lands of spain and france fighting with the africans already living in those lands.Thus, this was a blackskin on blackskin war. Two Great african Dynasties fighting against each other. The land of the Pharoahs needed the natural resources from spain and france also it was a good stratigic point to launch their ships down the coast of west africa and wait for the trade winds to bring them to the land of the tainos and mexico and then to south america for trade. For, the africans of spain and west africa were already bringing their ships to the islands of the west indies south america and north america, long before the pyramids. at some epoch north america and the west indian land mass were much greater and then some catastrophe happened which caused the land mass to seperate and create the atlantic ocean. Also, at some point spain land mass was also attached to africa and the rest of the medditerannean lands also split causing the meditteranean water. The Africans ruled the planet earth for billions of years. However, the ancient kemet documents reveal that the first blackman came from another planet and fell down to earth. Thus, the blackman origins are not from this earth, but is from some other galaxy. kemet is egypt.
to long
K2 is not equal to black African. The highest prevalence of K2 seems to be clustered around the Red (Erythrean) Sea (the mythical source of the proto-Phoenicians, per Herodotus) in countries such as Somalia, Ethiopia, Egypt, Oman, and Iraq where it approaches 10-15% of the population.
Genetics haberdash is not news ,but the white lie exposed, surprisingly enough by one. Well done scientist(s),tell us more was Jesus Black?Were Adam and Eve?
During the slave trade of the 16th and 17th centuries approximately 20 000 black (not “African”, that means something very different) slaves were taken into Britian. Most of these people died childless, but a very few(probably less than 70) were assimilated into the British peasant or woking class. Today their descendants look white, and have approximately 0.4 black DNA. Does that make them black, or prove that “race doesn’t exist”? Of course not. A small minority of one population having less than one per cent non-indigenous DNA proves nothing at all. The author of this article also uses the feeble and inherently flawed Roman Empire story, claiming that the Romans controlled the North African coast, there must have been blacks in the Empire(since all Africans are supposedly black). However the natural North African look is the sportsman Zinidine Zidane(sp?). Not white, but certainly nothing like West African black. May I just ask what this obssession with “proving” that black people settled the entire world, and built all civilizations comes from? And that whites, Chinese etc are recent mutations of the “pure” black race? It’s riciculous and very offensive. Is this the black way of “getting back” for hundreds of years of slavery and racial discrimiantion? Or do some people actually believe this garbage?