BLACK LIKE THE FIRST EUROPEANS
The first people of Europe were prehistoric Africans. They lived mostly in the southern parts of Europe, and created many paintings and cave art throughout the region.
Pretentious scholars struggling with their self-inflicted racist diseases attach ill-fitting names to the first peoples of Europe. They call them funny names like Neanderthals, Paleolithic men, Mesolithic or Neolithic, Cro-Magnons, Grimaldi, Aurignicians, in a desperate bid to hide the cultural and historical identity of those people.
It is generally conceded by those scholars however, that the African people were the bearers of the first substantive elements of culture into the European continent.
Many thousands of years before the rise of the current pale tribes of Europe, an Afrocoid people known as the Grimaldi people, established the Aurignacian cultures. These people were anatomically modern human beings of the West African typology. They brought the first indications of cultural thoughts and rites into Europe.
The Grimaldi were Black Africans with very little body hair, black and smooth skin; they had the facial features typical of West African forest dwellers. They had kinky hair too. They arrived in Europe 40,000 to 50,000 years ago.
They ranged in height from tall to medium. Their culture had developed in Africa tens of thousands of years before they moved to Europe. It was called the Arugnician Culture. In 1994, scientists found corroborating evidence of stone and bone tools on the banks of the Semlike River in Zaire. They were finely crafted tools made between 75,000 to 100,000 years old long before modern humans migrated to Europe.
The Neanderthals non-modern human specie of man had left Africa early in time (80,000 years ago) and settled in central and southern Europe. It is speculated by bio-anthropologists that the genes of those Neanderthals are extensively sown in the modern European tribes of today.
The “Cro-Magnon,” people, late contemporaries and perhaps descendants of the Grimaldi people also existed in Central and Southern Europe many thousands of years after the Grimaldi Negroid had expanded to Europe but before the appearance of the pale version of Europe now known as Caucasians.
Actually, Caucasians as a race did not appear in Europe until about twenty to thirty thousand years after the arrival of the first Africans who by this very fact are the aboriginals of Europe.
WHENCE COMETH THE PALE ONE
There are many theories which seek to explain the reason for the switch in skin color of the Europeans. The theories proposed range from the Ice-Age effect theory, to those of miscegenation and others that suggest malnutrition. In all these theories lies the admission that the pale skin is a relatively recent genetic modification that occurred in originally Black Europe.
One of the more interesting propositions suggest that the change from black to pale Europe occurred as a result of miscegenation between the modern Africans arrivals in Europe and the primordial Neanderthal which had originally come from Africa. It should be noted that the primordial human Neanderthal (physiologically and intellectually) said to be among the ancestors of Europeans and Caucasians, also came from Africa to Europe about 80,000 years ago. Thus, the Neanderthal, which had apparently been forced to Eurpe from out of Africa, was also of the African genotype.
Some theories suggest that Neanderthals (who were originally black as all original Africans) later became pale-skinned and retained excessive body hair due to genetic selection responding to the need to adapt to the cold and darkness of Ice-Age Europe.
The modern day Europeans are the products of interbreeding between these mutated pale skin Neanderthals (i.e. mutated non modern-human Africa) and the later arriving modern black Africans of 40,000 -10,000 years ago i.e. the Grimaldis.
Warm blooded animals undergo de-pigmentation in the absence of light and warmth. If there were no Ice Age in Europe, the people would have remained Negroid/Black. Some of the darkest Africoid peoples still exist as the Australian Aborigines and Tasmanians. Their ancestors left Africa in the same waves as the Africans that went to Europe. It appears that of the anatomically modern human Africans who had migrated around the globe, those in the warmer southern climates retained their African pigmentation and those in the Northern climates lost theirs as a result of miscegenation with the pale skinned Neanderthals, who it should not be forgotten were originally of the African continent.
Ogu Eji Ofor Annu,
April 1, 2006
MOOR 360 you need help
Greetings In The Name Of The Most High Jah RasTafari.
In rasponse to MOOR 360 The I is feeling you.InI agree with 99% of what you have said.The trod of Iknowledge and Overstanding is not an easy one but the “TRUTH shall Set You Free” You can take a horse to water but you cant mek it Drink .InI see this thread more a battle for superiority rather than revealing the wisdom and Iknowledge that we have learned along in InI n all I life’s journey some times the truth hurts and people will react with the ignorance of their mis-information so they will raspond with their anger and not Iknowledge.Be Patient and continue to shine your Light, on every forum there will be more than one fanatic unsatisfied with the path life has taken them and blame Ivery Thing and ivery body we must love and embrace the Blessings of Iration and treat all of her Blessings with Raspect and care Stay Blessed SoulJah .InI Wish yuh Ivery Blessing ,Guidance and Protection the battle may just have begun.
One Love
Biblical Black Hebrew Israelites
Biblical Black Hebrew Israelites
http://templeofyah.org
Im just blown away from the knowledge and ignorance of people.
But, I&I am very pleased and agree with MOOR 360.
http://myspace.com/kentloxmith
I am not full, yet! Feed me more info!
khunter3g@yahoo.com
“M00r 360″ – where do you believe the “Arabs/Berbers/Moors” recieved their “science/mathematics etc” from? They didn’t just “appear” out of nowhere…
The ancient Egyptian intrusted the moors with their knowledge. when Joshua drove the moabites out of caanan they got permission from the Pharaohs to inhabite northwest,south west africa
man a lotta peoples concept of race is just about rediculous. all u gotta do is look at peoples faces. its not rocket science. north africans(moors berbers etc. are not “black”(i guess by “Black” if your talkin ethnicly {not socially} u mean central african features and skin tone)…so does that make light skinned south africans less black? i dont get it. it dont add up. north east (horn of africa area) africans are pretty much half black half arab…just look at any eritrean somali and many sudanese…just like burmese(myanmar) fools are pretty much half indian/ half khmer…all it takes is your own 2 eyeballs and half a brain. think on it.
its like calling a korean, a thai, japanese and a cambodian “asian” u people think they look ANYTHING alike? your tripping.
same thing goes for the way most africans look. its a HUGE continent filled w MANY peoples…who see themselves as different peoples.
AND ‘White”(another completely rediculous word for like 50 different races) european tribes. u try to lump so many diverse peoples into one “white” “black” “asian” or ‘Latin” race based on just skintone and you already fell out the ignorant tree and hit every branch on the way down.
yall mostly sound like a bunch of afrocentric or eurocentric nerds choking on hater tots on both sides of this argument. grow up. honestly.
and guess what..NEWSFLASH! it doesnt even MATTER!!!..lol
none of your descendants are gonna be “white” or “black” in any sense of the way YOU see it within 4 generations anyhow
another 10 gens and everyone can calm down and be brown. u got no choice but to sit back and watch all your seeds mingle. haha..do the math.
yall can get all huffy and puffy about who did what and went were first and who enslaved who…EVERYONE HAS AT SOME POINT… but in the end we r all one to begin with and allways have been below the skin and we are well on the way to physically looking like one global peoples on the out side and WILL be in pretty much of a sneeze as far as time is concerned.
the alterior race hate/pride motives in all these posts are SO obvious…
go make a half black baby or something.
youll feel better. ill feel better.
readin this has must agravate u pinche angry race centric fools off
but it makes me giggle like im stuck on stupid.
nature allways laughs last.
oh indeed.
say it wont.
my comment is for all those well meaning blacks whom suggests that the world will be just A.O K> once we all just mix it all up to a nice golden brown.Guess what my friend ; we all ready did ; their called arabs . problem is ;they found it convenient to enslave their darker brothers some where in the not to distance pass . this whole idea about blacks that happen to have a lighter hue , and therefore feel them selfs some what superior, is in it self a sickness perpetuated by there lack of understanding the brain washing they them selfs have been subjected to. one need only to look at the arabs situation in you no where to prove my point. Never the less this web site in my opinion is not about RACE ; it is about historical correctness it is important that blacks refute the image that the powers that be have impose upon them by distorting there contribution to the world .
It is the same as if some future empire other than whites where plunder tombs of presidents then impose their own images in their place , then take credit for all the achievements. Every white would be outraged. THE only obvious thing is that blacks have been mentally sabotaged by all this misinformation. By the time a young black reach 6 grade he or she is already left to wonder where they fit in to the contribution to the world .WE seek to stop this mental abuse by correcting the lies .
The argument of Black Africa has much evidence on both sides. The existence of Black Africans in egypt is certain. If they were the origins and their influence is hard to determine. You should not speek with such athority on either side.
you need pictures
Good reasoning here, I am loving it. Thanks so much! Let the truth be told. Thank You Yahawa! for taking the blind folds of my people’s eye. Thats right, RISE UP MY PEOPLE….. HaleLuYah!
Wow…there are some seriously angry people out there. What I don’t get, and will never get, is how a person of one (ANY) color/race can cry racism and in the virtual next breath spew ignorance and hatred for all those opposite of themselves.
Where I live “white/Caucasian” is minority. However, it is nearly impossible to tell until hearing someone speak. One of my best friends in the area was thought to be Italian, sounded Puerto Rican and surprised everyone with the reality of fleeing Iran mixed about garbage in back of a truck to save her 13 year old brother from his “military requirement”.
Every race/religion/creed has its flaws along with historical aghasts, but regardless of something as frivolous as appearance, shouldn’t we ALL be contributing towards PROGRESS in this day and age??
Peace is a choice.
Erika, this is not about people being “angry” and “peace on earth good will toward men.” This is about the restoration of a history that was deliberately distorted, destroyed and suppressed for centuries by a global white power collective, which needed to justify its agenda of white domination of the planet. To convince a people to be slaves, you needed to make them believe they came from nothing. This is not about how someone looks or your friends. This is about truth. Anyone who fears it is in alliance with error. You’re not talking about real peace, because that cannot come so long as lies rule. You’re talking about acquiescence. Fear of offending. But anyone who fears to offend others for a just cause, is a copping out. Peace through respect of equality and heritage is genuine, peace through surrender of one’s identity to avoid discomfort, is cowardice.
Everything taken by Western culture and hidden in the dark shall come to light. Those that deny Africa/blackness at the head of all things shall bow on their knees when all truths are revealed. Response not to those that consider themselves skeptic and take their time on this board to spew ignorances, for they are influenced by the arrogance and greed of the west and the desire to want everything, including stolen history. Lust and greed shall gain no reward.
I have a fairly high degree of E3b1 lines in my genealogy. About 1/16th total and am proud to be of African as well as Amerindian, West Asian and Caucasian descent. From my study, it seems to be clear that the majority of matrilineage for the E3b family outside of Africa is from the J Haplogroup. In North West Africa it is from the U6a. Pesent day East Africans are typically in the L mtdna with some J among others. My questions is this: for those E3b pioneers who ventured out of Africa into the Middle East and Europe so long ago, what was the matrilineage of those males as it was subsequently lost to history with thier Semitic admixture along the maternal lines? Was it from the L Haplogroup or other?
Thanks for your opinions on this. I’m am eager to hear.
Rayman
Rasman
What a global combination of genetic profile you have there.
On your query: I think that U6 specifically U6b should be given more closer consideration in terms of the pioneer African migrants to the middle east.
However, middle east and east Africa are basically the same land. The same ancient littoral landmass, the same topography, same animals, same plants, how do you figure the humans on both sides would be different.
Read the Original Black African Arabs of Arabia series on this website.
One love
Jahdey
Thanks Jahdey;
I don’t think they are that different. My guess is that when the first of our family to finally get out of Africa left the horn they went to Yemen not to the north. It was there that the J lines were gathered. Just a note, my family line to Africa was not broken until 6 generations ago and they came through Europe (Spain and France). So even in Europe our people maintained a singular community. I’m not saying that in any way other than the fact. I don’t believe in racism or separatism coming from any direction Black or White. But there were clearly clades of Afro-Europeans presidig as distinct entities into at least the 1670s. Otherwise my line would not prove by DNA to be the same on all sides of the extended families. E3b1/J2b1. I am as equally proud to be a descendent of these brillant African pioneers from the horn as I am to be a direct descendent of the Capatin of the Huron Bear Clan among 17 other native American families. But I do get very disheartended to see lateral violence both among Africans as well as Amerindians (I am a Tribal Indain). Given our Afican history and how it spread globally, it just makes no sense to me. By the way, I look white since my mother was white. However, my father’s family looks either Black, Asian or Amerindian depending on the child (14 of them). And yes I saw some discrimination first hand but life is not always easy. We just overcome and move on.
Thank You for your response. I will read the link you have recommended.
Best Regards
Rasman
Jahdey;
Thanks for reminding me about U6b. It is a minority in it’s own right. Yes of course that lineage is also found in West Africa among some scattered other locations. I don’t know too much about it but it deserves serious consideration. I think the U6a lines may have reached the Americas long before Columbus but there is much work to be done to prove that and I try to avoid speculation. As far as I know I don’t have either of these lines but I find them very interesting nonetheless. The whole U group is interesting in that it also relates to Saami people who are very close in culture to Natie Americans. What is facinatig to me is that although all our brothers and sisters come from Africa originally, we still have these lines that did not evolve that far from their origins and are still identifiable in present African cultures. Now you got me stirred up on the U6b, I have to keep my eye out for any U6b DNA results here in America. We have some interesting and controversial U6a results already. Keep thinking and studying. Be well and keep the peace.
Best Regards
Rasman
everything is a mutation, from the apes to the first homo sapiens, etc.
race is an idea build by human. it doesn’t matter if you black, brown, white, etc. all that bulls**t is in our head. racism is also an idea by human. we are all human and nothing else matter in this case. so one world one love and hoppfully one future.
greetz
First n foremost hue means color in order to be a hue man you have to be a man of hue(color). Thank you
This article doesn’t go far enough. In fact it is as misleading as it accuses modern history of being, on account of its labeling original men Africans.
The name African is a Latin based word derived from Africus the indigenous Latin wind god representing a south westerly direction (in relation to Rome or Greece). Africa is merely the equivalent of Land to the South West and originally only a tiny piece of modern Tunisia was referred to by it.
To think that this word is used to describe the original inhabitants of every continent, knowing what it actually means, one must question either the competency of the writer prescribing it or his ulterior, clandestine or guarded motives.
Granted he may not be aware of the facts, he should still realize the word did not exist prior to the Grecian acquisition of the Pelasgians’ lands.
In other words, he uses this word to suggest a migration from Africa into Europe, when in fact Africa is the world’s largest human reservation.
Original men came to –no– fled to Africa from every place else.
Africa comes from the Roman general africanus. The original name is abukaland meaning mother of man kind r garden of Eden. If people of color aren’t original people they wouldn’t take up 85% of the worlds population.
As an alien life form in study of your ape biped ,cardon organic,one planet,form of life i am interested as to when you will comence, the spread of man beyond your solar system ,at present i am driving a taxi this anables me to observe you,i also find your sun to hot though i like tail light they remind me of my sun.i find your primitive tribe like thonghts interesting. I CAN ASSURE HIS IS NOT A JOKE. Of cause you can aways depend on any form of life to think that it is made in gods image,As a life form THAT uses light to communiate i have been forced to use this crude form digital device. Judging by the above coments i would give you about 100 years befour you destroy yourselfs.DO YOU RELISE HOW MANY LIFE FORMS IN THE COSMOS GET DRUNK ON A FRIDAY ,SATUR DAY NIGHT
Wow the majority of people that replied to this article seem to be obsessed with race. I believe in the equality of humanity but I also believe in the equal representation of all ethnic groups in history books which will most likely see in american public/private school. There should books that show the contributions & accomplishments of all people instead of the just showing the accomplishments of one group and the sadness and struggles of all groups.
Ibn Ifriki, Afrikus or Ifrikesh Tubba or the Tubba Ifrikus is a well known Himyarite king of the Sabaeans living before 1000 B.C. in the time of Joshua son of Nun in the Yemen. King Ifriki according to many writers was ruler of the Sabaeans in Yemen came across the desert of Africa giving birth to the five major tribes of Berbers, including the Hawara, Gomara Masmuda Zenata Sanhaja. He is in other traditions called Farik. From his name came that of the Pharusii chariot using Berbers mentioned by the ancient Greek writers and the name of Aphren of Josephus, Afra of Cleodemus and Ephren or Aphren of the book of Genesis (son of Midian). His descendants colonized eastern Africa and the Sahara. Among their descendants are the Beni Ifren or Ifuraces branch of the modern Tuareg, the Afar and Afariyya tribes of Ethiopia, Eritrea, Yemen Somalia, modern Hadramaut and Oman.
If it became a Latin word for southwesterly wind the AFrican and Afro-Arabian traditions explain why.
The following info from a Eurocentric weblog shows the uselessness of arguing over haplotypes and genetics without physical anthropological foundations:
“A back migration from Asia to Africa took place around 15,000 years ago, with a group of R1b1* people moving to Egypt, Sudan and spreading in different directions inside Africa to Rwanda, South Africa, Namibia, Angola, Congo, Gabon, Equatorial Guinea, Cameroon, Nigeria, Ivory Coast, Guinea-Bissau. The hotspot is Cameroon. R1b1* was observed at a frequency of up to 95% in some tribes of northern Cameroon (like the Kirdi), and about 15% nationwide. It is probably where the early R1b people first settled, then spread south and east along the coast.”
The problem a lot of people are unaware that most Cromagnon and paleolithic, mesolithic and neolithic people around the Mediteranean including in North Africa were not biologically or not closely affiliated represented by modern Europeans. 15,000 years ago the majority of people in North africa were Mechtoids and other “Cro-Magnon” type people with craniofacial traits that were strongly tropical. These people had very little direct connection to modern European peoples or those called “Eurasian in the Middle East. in fact they were closer to modern sub-Saharan Africans. This has been known for many decades by anthropologists and modern physical anthropologists using genetic based traits have basically confirmed the earlier conclusions. Thus, the study done by Brace and several other reputable physical anthropological specialists who wrote and edited the paper proving the unrelatedness of most modern Europeans with ancient pre- Bronze Age Europeans showed very strong tropical and “Negroid” traits well into the neolithic. It also concluded many Bronze Age people were apparently not closely connected genetically to modern Europeans based on 24 well-tested craniofacila traits including the Mahalonobis statistic. “The surprise is that the Neolithic peoples of Europe and their Bronze Age successors are not closely related to the modern inhabitants, although the prehistoric/modern ties are somewhat more apparent in southern Europe. It is a further surprise that the Epipalaeolithic Natufian of Israel from whom the Neolithic realm was assumed to arise has a clear link to Sub-Saharan Africa.”
However the unrelatedness of ancient stone age Europeans to modern Europeans has long been known thus we here from the following specialists earlier.
Professor Willis Boughton in 1896, The History of Ancient Peoples 334-337 “Archeologists ahave found remains of three races in Europe. Two of these are generally classes as blacks , may be known as the Constant and the Cro-Magnon Race.”
“The discoveries of abundant prehistoric remains all over Europe particularly France. These with one accord tended to show that European aborigines of the Stone age were not Mongoloid like the Lapps, after all but the exact opposite. In every detail they resembled rather the dolicocecephalic Negoes of Africa.”” William Z. Ripley, Races of Europe p. 436
“The importance of the skeleton of the Cro- Magnon type is that in stature, prognathousm and shape of the orbits they exhibit approximation to the negro type more than any other which have been found in Europe.” P. 96 in Isaac Taylor, The Origin of the Aryans, first published 1889.
And in 2005 the Brace paper asserts – “If this analysis shows nothing else it demonstrates that the oft repeated European feeling that the Cro-Magnons are ‘us’ is more a product of anthropological folklore than the result of the metric data available from the skeletal remains.” see “The Questionable contribution of the Neolithic and Bronze Age to European Craniofacial form”, Loring Brace, Noriko Seguchi‡, Conrad B. Quintyn§, Sherry C. Fox, A. Russell Nelson, Sotiris K. Manolis**, by the National Academy of Sciences, which basically shows how weak the genetic link is between modern Europeans and most ancient Europeans including pre-Bronze Age Eurasiatic, regardless of what haplotype or other dna traits went where. This is due to the prevalence of African looking people in Europe and Asia until the neolithic. Something that early specialists before pseudoanthropological musings of Coon. (And even he classified the bulk of the small “Mediterranean Neolithic people as noticeably “Negroid” in craniofacial character.)
Brace’s study found that only a couple of populations in neolithic Germany to have some connection to the modern Europeans and Middle Easterners, including the modern Gaunches and Basques, and northward Berber speakers (also mainly mesocranic and brachycephalic peoples) unlike ancient Africans and modern Africans and ancient paleolithic and most neolithic Europeans and Eurasians.
In addition, recent studies have again shown as Lepsius had in the past that ancient Egyptians had essentially tropical traits.
Thus we read in another recent article, “The raw values in Table 6 suggest that Egyptians had the “super-Negroid” body plan described by Robins (1983).. This pattern is supported by Figure 7 (a plot of population mean femoral and tibial lengths; data from Ruff, 1994), which indicates that the Egyptians generally have tropical body plans. Of the Egyptian samples, only the Badarian and Early Dynastic period populations have shorter tibiae than predicted from femoral length. Despite these differences, all samples lie relatively clustered together as compared to the other populations.” (Zakrzewski, S.R. (2003). found in “Variation in ancient Egyptian stature and body proportions”. American Journal of Physical Anthropology 121 (3): 219-229.
Finally it should understood that, just because certain haplotypes or other dna traits came to be carried by a variety of modern populations says little about where a modern population or physical type originated. What it does suggest, however, is that many modern Europeans and the affiliated modern Eurasian populations have asorbed previous non-Europoid populations that were present in European, North African and Eurasian regions. The Greeks, Kabyles and other European-like types may be a good example of this.
boy o boy you see what every one can see that the first humans were black and i agree that the black people of this world have un doubtedly been mis reprasented by some bad minded ignorant white people and i feel that this knowledge should be taught to pupils throughout the wetern community however fighting over who is right and who is wrong is crap we all have the same red blood in our veins we need to move forward as humans not black or white
wise white guy ur right peace and good things come with knowing the truth and revealingit to all and not lying as whites have doen repeatedly to oppress black and keeping them from knowing their true history
iisrael@prodigy.net
Blacks or by their true name moors wanted to know there history they can find out they just choose not to. Tell them look up noble drew ali. Avatar,prophet, angel to the lost children of the world.
only the rich eat the poor . im white,native amarican and some black im sure. scottsirish who came here in the 1600′s,had enter married with the native population. soon to be out cast and looked down upon bye pure white aristacratic rich people. who named us cohee,witch is my mothers family name,and it means anything except rich white.. it seems my people have never got any where. and the goverment is always and always has been enamies of my people,along with the rest of the country. red white black yellow lets stay amrican first and let liberty and justice for all finally stand in this natione for the first time ..read all the constatoutcion,and you will really know some truth ?!?!?!..
excuse my spelling.. thank you!!!
Well have anybody of you heard that GENETICLY IS IMPOSSIBLE THAT THE HUMAN RACE COME OUT OF MONKEYS.
Thise have been given in public last year. So all thise fucking family trees (from monkey to human), all thise given names to all kinf of spices betwen mankind and others are NOT TRUE.
So now we have to find our origine one more time. Geneticly we are almost the same(human, monkeys,….), we also have a lot of gens same as trees or any kind of plants, fish, …. WHY, WE ALL LIVE ON WATER PLANET, WE BREATH THE SAME AIR, so our bodies are adopted to thise conditions.
And i also dont understand some people who belives in God and they think that they came out of monkey. And in other hand that the world was created in 7 days. Which days our days on earth or God lenght of days, are they same or what they are?
About black africans in Europe, they came here long time ago true, well maybe they werent total black and they have been push out from different white tribes.
Whites has come much later buth from other directions and they comes with many waves. Long story.
History lies also true, especialy old white history. I am white to, but who cares about colour if the person is good.
africa is the real garden of eden,evolution is a fact,we are definately part of the animal kingdom,when nature creates guys like jeffrey domer we still ask the cuestion of why,without reALIZING THAT THATS THE REMnants of the beasts still in us,after many millions years,man definately came out of africa,so it would be a fact to say that the first huimans were black. they went to europe and overtime became white,and in an effort of world domination they created all these religious myths,and lashed out against their black brothers,chasing them back to subsaharan africa,just 6,000 years ago the entire middle east and north africa were black,when the white one caught with history and realize the power of the monotheistic religions they destroyed as much trace as they could of the black presence documenting all the inportant figures in history as white people,common use your common sense,only the red sea separate africa from the middle east,just 2000 years ago the berber tribes of north africa were all black,actually blacks are a minority in northern africa,in recent history there was a mulatto president of the republic of colombia, when his portrait came back from france he was a white man,but that didnt work so they try to erase him from history by not mentioning him in any history books,but thanks to the research of some people over there that went to great lenths,there is no doubt colombia had a black president at one time in history,thats the problem with humanity,racism is a disease that never dies.
First you say that black people are the aboriginals, then you say that white people are descended from Neanderthals which were there first. Wouldn’t this actually make white people the aboriginals??? Personally I don’t think there was nearly as much intermingling as you insinuate. If you look at the Neanderthal its nose is actually much broader and flatter than a human nose. Even more so than that of an African. If intermingling occurred I doubt Europeans would have the slender noses with high bridges opposite that of the Neanderthals. The shape of the face and back of the head is also a problem. The nose and mouth of the Neanderthal juts out with the forehead sloping backwards boasting very large brow ridges. This also causes the back of the head to drop further back to make room for the brain. If you look at the skulls of both Africans and Europeans you will notice that the European skull actually progressed in the opposite direction of the Neanderthals showing that there was little interbreeding going on. I disagree with many of your statements but I do feel that some white people may skew the facts in their direction. This is unfortunate but the answer isn’t to skew them the opposite direct but to be unbiased and balanced overall.
Greeting Ogu Eji Ofor Annu from Timi Onayemi in Trabzon, Turkey
WHITES ARE ALBINO’S
I’m all for simplicity. There should be no mystery to science otherwise you are being tricked. So there can be no mystery about where white people came from. I consider whites albinos and descendents of albino’s. This is important because we are dealing today with white supremacy. Even modern, or especially modern and educated whites believe they are biologically and morally superior to blacks. That’s why I want each and every black to know that whites came out of blacks and can never, ever be superior to blacks. I believe that there are no races, just phenotypes which are just an adaptation to environment. If you believe in the Evolution you know that human DNA had a long way coming. Travelling first through the primordial pool, and picking up some useful tools to survive by adaptation. The albinism mutation was useful if there was suddenly less sun. Humans could already adapt within one generation to a new sunless environment. Just like they adapt to famine by producing off spring that can better synthesis and store nutrients, food in the body. A genetic function which lay dormant just kicks in. Human DNA is very old, older then humans. I suddenly think off images of babies who swim under water, knowing by their DNA not to hold their breath. According to an internet source 25% of the off spring of two albinos’ might be albino too. So this makes albinism also hereditary. And two off this type of off spring should have an even higher rate of albino off spring. Those are the whites, cold adapted in shape. All white life forms in nature; flowers, birds, mammals, horses, apes, whales, are a result from albinism. Yet when it comes to humans these whites will have nothing of that. Why? Just look at them, all of them. I have been looking at them for the past thirty years and I see albinos. Darker white types are whites mixed with darker ancestors. Albino’s are not less capable then non-albino’s, they only should take precautions before they go in the sun. They are not sick or retarded. Their organs are normal, just there skin lacks the possibility to produce melanin. Just like normal whites do. And we do not put a higher value on a white cat or a white flower over a black or a red one. So why should whites think off themselves as better? Or why should we be brainwashed to think that they have better abilities? As they are albinos, coming out of blacks there will always be whites. Coming from Central Asia, 6000 years ago, they probably overwhelmed the first European Blacks in numbers, who became a minority, because whites are better adapted to the European climate. I think that whites flocked to milder climates like how migratory birds find places to over winter. It’s just in their DNA. As we see with Australian Aboriginals with blond hair and black skin, blondness is also part of the black DNA, but seems to favour the albino’s. Now find out about my blue blood is black blood (1500-1789) theory on this site.
The missing link
By ABRAHAM RABINOVICH
16/04/2010
As Neanderthal man has come into better view in recent decades, so has a larger mystery about him whose geographic focus is Israel.
He had red hair, light skin and was not as dumb as you think, in fact not dumb at all.
Neanderthal man has suffered a bad press since his remains were first excavated in the Neander Valley in Germany in 1856, three years before Charles Darwin published On The Origin of Species. Short and powerfully built, he had prominent brow ridges, large front teeth, a sloping forehead and a protruding jaw. His braincase was even larger than that of modern humans, but there was no mistaking him for an intellectual giant. His appearance was that of a “gorilla-like character” equipped with the sinews and brutish instincts that permitted him to survive among the beasts of the field.
“His lowering face accentuates his squat ferocity,” wrote Popular Science in 1921. Accompanying the article was an artist’s rendering – the first “scientific” reconstruction based on the Neander Valley remains – showing a dark, hairy figure gripping a spear as he surveys the landscape for prey.
“And was this the being from whom we sprang?” asked the caption.
The implicit answer was yes. Archeological finds showed that Neanderthal man disappeared about 30,000 BP (before present), giving way to modern man (Homo sapiens sapiens), taller, slimmer, recognizably “human” – apparently the next rung on the evolutionary ladder.
The image of Neanderthal man began to change in the 1950s when a century-long accumulation of hundreds of Neanderthal fossils led researchers to conclude that he had been greatly underrated. For more than 100,000 years he had coped with the cold, sometimes glacial, climate of Europe. He had controlled fire, made tools and crafted animal traps. He was the first creature to bury his own kind. “Once seen as dull-witted cavemen, Neanderthals were intelligent, adaptable and highly effective predators,” anthropologist John J. Shea of State University of New York would write.
About a decade ago, his image was softened even further when it became possible to extract DNA from some of the fossils. Neanderthal’s genes showed him to have fair skin, red hair and possibly even freckles. Anatomical and genetic evidence showed that he had the capacity for speech. “What is emerging,” wrote a British archeologist, Prof. Stephen Mithen, “is a picture of an intelligent and emotionally complex creature whose most likely form of communication would have been part language and part song.”
However, the DNA also showed that this increasingly sympathetic being had been climbing a different evolutionary ladder than Homo sapiens. Although scientists do not rule out sexual contact between Neanderthals and Homo sapiens, the DNA analysis establishes that there was no significant crossbreeding and that modern man carries no Neanderthal genes. It is not clear whether this was due to lack of sexual activity or whether the two were separate species and thus could not produce fertile offspring.
Neanderthal Man and Homo sapiens had diverged from a common ancestor in Africa close to a million years ago. When Neanderthal’s ancestors trekked north from Africa, his uncles remained behind and developed into Homo sapiens. It is clear from the archeological evidence that Neanderthals were for tens of thousands of years the sole hominids roaming Europe. Their stout build resembles that of cold-climate peoples today, like Eskimos. Some researchers have estimated that the Neanderthals never numbered more than 15,000 at any given time.
When Homo sapiens finally arrived in Europe, they displaced the Neanderthals in a relatively short period, a few thousand years. “What makes it so mysterious is that the Neanderthals were well adapted to the climate, very good hunters, very good toolmakers,” says Dr. Silvana Condemi, a French paleoanthropologist who lectured on the subject last month at the Van Leer Institute in Jerusalem.
The most widely accepted explanation is that the Neanderthals could not compete for game with the more numerous and better organized and armed Homo sapiens. The Neanderthals, who lived in small groups, are believed to have had only thrusting spears and stone knives, which obliged them to engage in close combat with often fierce prey, a scenario supported by the serious wounds many of the fossils display. The numerous fractures to ribs, spine and skull among Neanderthals is attributed to this close combat. Some researchers see a similarity with the wounds suffered by modern rodeo professionals and suggest that Neanderthals may even have wrestled some of their prey to the ground as in rodeo steer wrestling.
Homo sapiens are believed to have had stand-off weapons – throwing spears – offering greater efficiency and to have hunted in larger packs. Apart from this tactical advantage, some researchers suggest that Homo sapiens may also have dealt directly with the Neanderthal competition by killing them off. But there is no evidence for this and the two populations did apparently live in proximity for thousands of years. The last redoubt of the Neanderthal, as far as archeology tells us to date, was the cliffs of Gibraltar at the edge of the continent.
AS NEANDERTHAL man has come into better view in recent decades, so has a larger mystery about him whose geographic focus is – where else? – modern-day Israel.
In the 1930s, fossils were found in the caves of Skhul and Tabun on the western edge of the Carmel range alongside tools and other artifacts associated with European Neanderthals, the so-called Mousterian culture. This was the first indication that Neanderthals had reached this part of the world. Fossils associated with the Mousterian culture were uncovered shortly afterward in the Qafzeh cave near Nazareth by René Neuville, the French consul in Palestine. Similar finds followed.
French paleoanthropologist Bernard Vandermeersch carried out follow-up excavations at Qafzeh decades later and closely studied the fossils found in the country by those who had preceded him. In 1981, he published a paper which came to an astonishing conclusion: While all the relevant fossils found in Israel from the Paleolithic period were indeed linked with the Mousterian culture, not all were Neanderthal. In some of the caves – like Qafzeh and Skhul – the remains were clearly of Homo sapiens.
The fact that the Neanderthals had ventured this far south had been the first surprise. Even more surprising was the fact that Homo sapiens adopted for thousands of years the same Mousterian tool kit their Neanderthal predecessors created, defying the accepted notion that evolutionary change in mankind goes hand in hand with technological progress. “This has challenged established ideas concerning parallelism between biological evolution and cultural evolution,” says Condemi, a former student of Vandermeersch. What the evidence points to instead is apparent acculturation – an extended period of close contact between early modern man and the species he was destined to displace, with the latter offering him a helping hand.
The greatest surprise, however, was yet to come. New dating tools which became available in recent decades – like thermoluminescence, which measures the residual energy in flint which had been exposed to fire in antiquity – obliged a reassessment of fossil dates. Experts had initially believed the early modern humans unearthed at Qafzeh and Skhul to be contemporary with the first human remains found in Europe, which they closely resembled. The new dating pushed the Israeli cave finds back some 60,000 years – to 90,000 and 100,000 years BP respectively. Many of the Israeli Neanderthal finds proved much younger than that, turning the accepted chronology – Neanderthals older, Homo sapiens younger – upside down. The Neanderthal skeleton at Kabara dated to 60,000 BP and those from Amud cave to 55,000 BP.
In Europe, the chronology had been clear cut. Homo sapiens arrived about 40,000 BP and within about 10,000 years had displaced the last of the Neanderthals. But in the Middle East, the chronology was a mess. According to the archeological evidence, Neanderthals were still on the scene tens of thousands of years after modern man set up home in the Qafzeh and Skhul caves. Further complicating the scenario was the discovery in the Tabun cave on the Carmel of a Neanderthal fossil dating 130,000 BP – that is, predating by 30,000 years the Homo sapiens at Qafzeh, who in turn predated the Neanderthals of Kabara and elsewhere. Adding to the confusion, the Tabun Neanderthal fossil was itself predated by a Homo sapiens found in the same cave, but it is not clear by how much.
The explanation suggested by researchers is that climatic changes in Europe triggered the southern migration of some Neanderthals to the Middle East, including the Iraq-Syrian border area, although some experts admit to still being puzzled by the evidence. The fact that all the Middle East Neanderthal fossils are “classic” Neanderthals and not earlier forms shows that they did not evolve in the Middle East but came fully formed, as it were, from outside the region. This presumably means Europe, since no Neanderthals or proto-Neanderthals have been found in Africa.
As for Homo sapiens, Vandermeersch believes that those who would make their way to Europe about 40,000 BP originated not in Africa, as is generally believed, but in the Middle East itself. They evolved, he suggested, from fossils like the 200,000-year-old remains unearthed at Mugharet-el-Zuttiyeh, a cave near the mouth of Wadi Amud at the western shore of Lake Kinneret. If this could be proven, Israel’s – and to be fair, the region’s – claims on historical importance would be matched by its claims on prehistory as well.
“The anthropological specimens found in Israel have been crucial in changing our ideas about the evolution of modern man,” says Condemi.
Israel and its immediate neighbors formed the land bridge across which mankind’s ancestors forayed cautiously out of Africa more than a million years ago on the way to their destiny. It is in the caves of modern-day Israel that early man, pausing on that epic trek, apparently lived in closer proximity with his Neanderthal cousins than anywhere else and for longer periods.
Dr. Condemi, who spent six years at the Centre de Recherche Français in Jerusalem doing research on fossils, believes that the silent dramas of pre-history played out in this land merit more attention, alongside biblical archaeology, and that new excavations should be undertaken. “Paleolithic studies were very popular in Israel until about 1970,” she says. “It will be good if people realize how important this is.”
Should Israeli-Palestinian peace talks resume, the negotiators might consider a joint visit beforehand to the Carmel caves for a whiff of perspective. They would find it poignant, and perhaps instructive, to note that the attempt by two populations – “cousins” on parallel tracks – to coexist in this narrow strip of land despite their differences goes back, literally, to the beginning of mankind. Back then it seems to have worked.
abra@netvision.net.il
http://www.jpost.com/LandedPages/PrintArticle.aspx?id=173230